Thursday, October 02, 2025

Friday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time

“The Disciples are Sent, Two by Two”
by James Tissont, 1886-96
 
Readings for Friday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1: Baruch 1:15-22
 
During the Babylonian captivity, the exiles prayed:
“Justice is with the Lord, our God;
and we today are flushed with shame,
we men of Judah and citizens of Jerusalem,
that we, with our kings and rulers
and priests and prophets, and with our ancestors,
have sinned in the Lord’s sight and disobeyed him.
We have neither heeded the voice of the Lord, our God,
nor followed the precepts which the Lord set before us.
From the time the Lord led our ancestors out of the land of Egypt
until the present day,
we have been disobedient to the Lord, our God,
and only too ready to disregard his voice.
And the evils and the curse that the Lord enjoined upon Moses, his servant,
at the time he led our ancestors forth from the land of Egypt
to give us the land flowing with milk and honey,
cling to us even today.
For we did not heed the voice of the Lord, our God,
in all the words of the prophets whom he sent us,
but each one of us went off
after the devices of his own wicked heart,
served other gods,
and did evil in the sight of the Lord, our God.”
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Commentary on Bar 1:15-22
 
The author of the Book of Baruch is thought to be a secretary of the prophet Jeremiah. As such, the book was written after the Babylonian exile. So, what we hear today, rather than being a prayer written during that exile, is actually a reflective prayer (of penitence and atonement) used leading up to the feast of Booths according to scholars. (Note, the first line in today’s reading is not scriptural but rather inserted in the Missal as a “sense line” – a summary of the introduction.)
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 79:1b-2, 3-5, 8, 9
 
R. (9) For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
O God, the nations have come into your inheritance;
they have defiled your holy temple,
they have laid Jerusalem in ruins.
They have given the corpses of your servants
as food to the birds of heaven,
the flesh of your faithful ones to the beasts of the earth.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
They have poured out their blood like water
round about Jerusalem,
and there is no one to bury them.
We have become the reproach of our neighbors,
the scorn and derision of those around us.
O LORD, how long? Will you be angry forever?
Will your jealousy burn like fire?
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
Remember not against us the iniquities of the past;
may your compassion quickly come to us,
for we are brought very low.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
Help us, O God our savior,
because of the glory of your name;
Deliver us and pardon our sins
for your name’s sake.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
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Commentary on Ps 79:1b-2, 3-5, 8, 9
 
Psalm 79 provides a penitential note similar to what is found in Baruch 1:15. It is a communal lament in which the assembly reflects upon the punishment endured because they have sinned against God and disregarded his law. This lament is thought to reflect upon the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonian army in 587 BC. The singer asks God how long his anger at them will last and pleads for pardon and deliverance. There is a plea for mercy and a promise of atonement following this admission.
 
CCC: Ps 79:9  431
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Gospel: Luke 10:13-16
 
Jesus said to them,
“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida!
For if the mighty deeds done in your midst
had been done in Tyre and Sidon,
they would long ago have repented,
sitting in sackcloth and ashes.
But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon
at the judgment than for you.
And as for you, Capernaum, ‘Will you be exalted to heaven?
You will go down to the netherworld.’
Whoever listens to you listens to me.
Whoever rejects you rejects me.
And whoever rejects me rejects the one who sent me.”
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Commentary on Lk 10:13-16
 
This selection is a continuation of the instructions being given to the seventy (two) who are being sent out. The Lord instructs them to issue a call to repentance to those who reject the proclamation of the kingdom of God. The punishment of these unbelieving communities will be severe, as their rejection of the call to holiness is a rejection of Christ himself: “And whoever rejects me [Jesus] rejects the one who sent me."
 
“[Verses] 13–15 have a slightly awkward fit in the mission charge, but these verses are here because their presence underlines the equivalence between response to Jesus’ own ministry and response to that of his messengers. We have here a prophetic lamentation like those spoken in the OT in connection with pagan nations. There are in fact some against Tyre and Sidon (e.g., Isa 23Ezek 28:2–19). These function in much the same way that the OT judgment on Sodom functioned in v 12. But here it is suggested that Tyre and Sidon would have repented given the same advantages. Again the exceptional nature of what has now happened is stressed (as in vv 23–24 to come).” [4]
 
CCC: Lk 10:16 87,858
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Reflection:
 
The common thread through all of the selections from Holy Scripture given today is one of repentance.  Baruch offers a prayer of repentance from the Jews in exile.  Having been enslaved and exiled, they believed, was a result of their disobedience to God’s law and their sin in his eyes.  That same “cause and effect,” or “sin and punishment” view of God is shown in the song from Psalm 79: “O Lord, how long? Will you be angry forever?
 
The Gospel, which is actually a continuation of the Lord’s instructions to the seventy (two), captures that angry judgment by God when his children go astray.  In this case, however, the judgment is earned, not because the people of the communities identified did not follow God’s law, but rather because they rejected God in the person of his Son, and the salvific mission upon which he was sent.  Summarized, the selection of the Gospel we heard today says: “God sent you salvation and you turned your back. Now you must suffer the consequences.”
 
Note the subtle difference in understanding how God works.  The Jews before the coming of Jesus believed that the ill fortune that befell them was a direct punishment from God.  They believed that God actually caused bad things to happen because they had sinned.  The Lord, our Savior, changes that concept.  He shows us that it is not God the loving Father who causes bad things to happen, rather it is the choices we make that lead us down dark paths.
 
God, who sent his only Son into the world that we might have eternal life, is not likely to visit the punishments of the world on the children he loved so much.  But in creating us in his own image, he gave us free will, the ability to choose the bad and the good.  When we turn our backs on the saving hand of God, we must accept what is “behind door number two.”
 
Today our prayer is that we will make the right choices and accept the loving help he provides.  We also pray for our brothers and sisters. Since we all live together, their choices affect us.  We are called to love one another and whoever is injured because they make a wrong choice, injures us as well.
 
Pax

[1] The picture is “The Disciples are Sent, Two by Two” by James Tissont, 1886-96.
[2] S.S Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] John Nolland, Luke 9:21–18:34, vol. 35B, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1993), 560.

Wednesday, October 01, 2025

Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels

“Guardian Angel”
attributed to Hans Zatzka (1859–1945)

 
Readings for Thursday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
Note: for this memorial the Gospel of the Proper is used.
 
Reading 1: Nehemiah 8:1-4a, 5-6, 7b-12
 
The whole people gathered as one in the open space before the Water Gate,
and they called upon Ezra the scribe
to bring forth the book of the law of Moses
which the LORD prescribed for Israel.
On the first day of the seventh month, therefore,
Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly,
which consisted of men, women,
and those children old enough to understand.
Standing at one end of the open place that was before the Water Gate,
he read out of the book from daybreak until midday,
in the presence of the men, the women,
and those children old enough to understand;
and all the people listened attentively to the book of the law.
Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden platform
that had been made for the occasion.
He opened the scroll
so that all the people might see it
(for he was standing higher up than any of the people);
and, as he opened it, all the people rose.
Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God,
and all the people, their hands raised high, answered,
“Amen, amen!”
Then they bowed down and prostrated themselves before the LORD,
their faces to the ground.
As the people remained in their places,
Ezra read plainly from the book of the law of God,
interpreting it so that all could understand what was read.
Then Nehemiah, that is, His Excellency, and Ezra the priest-scribe
and the Levites who were instructing the people
said to all the people:
“Today is holy to the LORD your God.
Do not be sad, and do not weep”–
for all the people were weeping as they heard the words of the law.
He said further:  “Go, eat rich foods and drink sweet drinks,
and allot portions to those who had nothing prepared;
for today is holy to our LORD.
Do not be saddened this day,
for rejoicing in the LORD must be your strength!”
And the Levites quieted all the people, saying,
“Hush, for today is holy, and you must not be saddened.”
Then all the people went to eat and drink,
to distribute portions, and to celebrate with great joy,
for they understood the words that had been expounded to them.
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Commentary on Neh 8:1-4a, 5-6, 7b-12
 
We see in this reading the respective roles played by Ezra and Nehemiah in reestablishing Israel following the Diaspora, portrayed here by the chronicler.  Ezra leads the people in reestablishing the Jewish faith, while Nehemiah supports that action as the civil leader of the population.  It is interesting to note the response of the people to the reading of the Law of Moses.  The law clearly exposed the people’s failures in responding to the will of God, hence the weeping.  Nehemiah changes that mood by proclaiming a feast or holy day, rejoicing in the return of the Word of God to Jerusalem.
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 19:8, 9, 10, 11
 
R. (9ab) The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The law of the LORD is perfect,
refreshing the soul;
The decree of the LORD is trustworthy,
giving wisdom to the simple.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The precepts of the LORD are right,
rejoicing the heart;
The command of the LORD is clear,
enlightening the eye;
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The fear of the LORD is pure,
enduring forever;
The ordinances of the LORD are true,
all of them just.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
They are more precious than gold,
 than a heap of purest gold;
Sweeter also than syrup
or honey from the comb.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
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Commentary on Ps 19:8, 9, 10, 11
 
Psalm 19 is a hymn of praise. In this passage, we give praise for God’s gift of the law which guides us in our daily lives. The hymn also extols the virtues of obedience and steadfastness to the law and its precepts. The passage also reflects the idea that following God’s statutes leads to peace and prosperity. When placed after the Old Testament reading, the passage sounds ironic against the initial response of the people to the Law of Moses in the Nehemiah reading above.  The psalmist does, however, capture his (Nehemiah’s) intent in proclaiming a holy day and the celebration that ensued.
 
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Gospel: Matthew 18:1-5, 10
 
The disciples approached Jesus and said,
"Who is the greatest in the Kingdom of heaven?"
He called a child over, placed it in their midst, and said,
"Amen, I say to you, unless you turn and become like children,
you will not enter the Kingdom of heaven.
Whoever humbles himself like this child
is the greatest in the Kingdom of heaven.
And whoever receives one child such as this in my name receives me.
 
"See that you do not despise one of these little ones,
for I say to you that their angels in heaven
always look upon the face of my heavenly Father."
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Commentary on Mt 18:1-5, 10
 
This Gospel passage is used on the Feast of the Guardian Angels each year. The event is also recorded in St. Luke’s Gospel at Luke 9:46-50. The major difference is that here in St. Matthew’s Gospel, the Lord speaks directly of the guardian angels who protect and watch over the children in the presence of the Heavenly Father, as opposed to going on to another saying of Jesus. The emphasis in this passage changes from a treatise on humility to one which emphasizes God’s care for those who are most helpless, his children.
 
CCC: Mt 18:3-4 526; Mt 18:3 2785; Mt 18:10 329, 336 
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Reflection:
 
Taking the flow of celebrations in the Church over the days leading up to this date, it almost seems as if we have been building up to the memorial of Guardian Angels. We have celebrated the Feast of the Archangels, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, and just yesterday the Memorial of Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus. From divine messengers and saints who invite us to be as children in accepting their divine aid, the guardian angels present themselves in this memorial, an angelic presence, reminding us that God cares for us all and is with us constantly.
 
It is an opportunity for us all to reflect upon this question: If Jesus tells us the guardian angels exist and are real (“I say to you that their angels in heaven always look upon the face of my heavenly Father"), do we accept and believe that aid is at hand, or do we continue to fear, thinking we are alone, fighting against the world with only our own strength to protect us? After all, we do not see the angelic messengers. We do not observe them actively participating in our lives. Unlike their depiction in the movies, objects and people do not fly around, guided by the hosts of heaven.
 
Ultimately, we are given God’s assurance that his messengers are here with us, that at once they face outward watching over us and inward, worshiping God and His Son in the Heavenly Kingdom. We are called once more today to have the faith of a child as we go about our day’s activities. We should also not forget all those times we have been rescued by our guardian angels.  May we accept God’s angelic aid and feel the peace flowing from his Son on this day.
 
Pax
 

[1] The picture is “Guardian Angel” attributed to Hans Zatzka (1859–1945).
[2] S.S Commemoratio 458/650
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.

Tuesday, September 30, 2025

Memorial of Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus, Virgin and Doctor of the Church

“Saint Thérèse of Lisieux”
artist and date are unknown
 
Readings for Wednesday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1: Nehemiah 2:1-8
 
In the month Nisan of the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes,
when the wine was in my charge,
I took some and offered it to the king.
As I had never before been sad in his presence,
the king asked me, “Why do you look sad?
If you are not sick, you must be sad at heart.”
Though I was seized with great fear, I answered the king:
“May the king live forever!
How could I not look sad
when the city where my ancestors are buried lies in ruins,
and its gates have been eaten out by fire?”
The king asked me, “What is it, then, that you wish?”
I prayed to the God of heaven and then answered the king:
“If it please the king,
and if your servant is deserving of your favor,
send me to Judah, to the city of my ancestors’ graves,
to rebuild it.”
Then the king, and the queen seated beside him,
asked me how long my journey would take
and when I would return.
I set a date that was acceptable to him,
and the king agreed that I might go.
 
I asked the king further: “If it please the king,
let letters be given to me for the governors
of West-of-Euphrates,
that they may afford me safe-conduct until I arrive in Judah;
also a letter for Asaph, the keeper of the royal park,
that he may give me wood for timbering the gates
of the temple-citadel and for the city wall
and the house that I shall occupy.”
The king granted my requests,
for the favoring hand of my God was upon me.
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Commentary on Neh 2:1-8
 
This reading from the Book of Nehemiah is one of the “Memoirs” of Nehemiah depicting his request to rebuild the city of Jerusalem and the temple. Nehemiah was contemporary of Ezra, a layman called to extraordinary service and effort. He demonstrates a constant faith that God was supporting him.
 
It is evident that Nehemiah is confidently patient to wait for God’s plan to unfold.  “This confidence is seen first, paradoxically, in his willingness to wait for God’s time to answer his prayer. Those months of private intercession must have been a peculiarly testing time for so active a man as Nehemiah, but for him to have forced the issue with the king could have proved disastrous to his whole enterprise. Instead, he shows that his confidence is supremely in God.” [4]
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 137:1-2, 3, 4-5, 6
 
R. (6ab) Let my tongue be silenced if I ever forget you!
 
By the streams of Babylon
we sat and wept
when we remembered Zion.
On the aspens of that land
we hung up our harps.
R. Let my tongue be silenced if I ever forget you!
 
Though there our captors asked of us
the lyrics of our songs,
And our despoilers urged us to be joyous:
“Sing for us the songs of Zion!”
R. Let my tongue be silenced if I ever forget you!
 
How could we sing a song of the LORD
in a foreign land?
If I forget you, Jerusalem,
may my right hand be forgotten!
R. Let my tongue be silenced if I ever forget you!
 
May my tongue cleave to my palate
if I remember you not,
If I place not Jerusalem
ahead of my joy.
R. Let my tongue be silenced if I ever forget you!
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Commentary on Ps 137:1-2, 3, 4-5, 6
 
The sadness that drove Nehemiah to return to Jerusalem to rebuild is reflected in this communal lament. The people of God, dispersed throughout the region, recall the joys of being in God’s presence in Zion (Jerusalem). We feel in this hymn our own anticipation of being together in God’s presence as a community of faith.
 
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Gospel: Luke 9:57-62
 
As Jesus and his disciples were proceeding
on their journey, someone said to him,
 “I will follow you wherever you go.”
Jesus answered him,
“Foxes have dens and birds of the sky have nests,
but the Son of Man has nowhere to rest his head.”
And to another he said, “Follow me.”
But he replied, “Lord, let me go first and bury my father.”
But he answered him, “Let the dead bury their dead.
But you, go and proclaim the Kingdom of God.”
And another said, “I will follow you, Lord,
but first let me say farewell to my family at home.”
Jesus answered him, “No one who sets a hand to the plow
and looks to what was left behind is fit for the Kingdom of God.”
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Commentary on Lk 9:57-62
 
This passage from St. Luke’s Gospel gives us three sayings of Jesus about the requirement to place the values of Christian discipleship above all other requirements of life. Proclaiming the kingdom of God must come before even family obligations.
 
In the first, “Foxes have dens…” Jesus does not deceive anyone – he lives in poverty, dedicated to his mission.
 
The second, “Let the dead bury their dead,” is a play on words: let the spiritually dead bury the physically dead. Jesus message is the message of life. This saying was never intended to be taken literally as filial piety is deeply ingrained in Jewish life.
 
In the third saying; “No one who…looks to what was left behind,” Jesus demands more than Elisha (see 1 Kings 19:19-21). “Plowing for the Kingdom demands sacrifice.” [5]
 
CCC: Lk 9:58 544
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Reflection:
 
The three different Scripture passages we are given today combine to show us a call and an attitude.  Follow the logic here: Jesus, in the Gospel, tells us that our faith in him and the call to discipleship must color all of our actions since it is first in our lives.  The psalmist sings of our inner longing to be in God’s presence as a result of that call.  And in Nehemiah, we see the fruits of one who listens to that call and places his life at the service of God.  It is a call and an attitude.
 
As in much of Holy Scripture and the teaching magisterium of the Church, the lessons are presented in their perfect or absolute state.  Jesus, after all, is our example and the one whom we are called to emulate.  In him, God’s perfect love is expressed to us, and since he was also true man, his perfect love for God was also given as our example.  The call is daunting.
 
We see the call and the attitude as a requirement in our lives.  It is the bar set by Jesus and the saints, like St. Francis of Assisi whose memorial we will soon celebrate, that we hope to follow.  But how?  We are not perfect as our Savior was perfect.  We are not heroic as so many of the saints were heroic in life (Or...perhaps we are but are just not trying hard enough).  Still, the call is there and Jesus asks that our attitude of love for others and humble service to all be what inspires our actions.
 
Taken as a whole, we could never hope to achieve the sort of perfect attitude of love driving all that we do.  But taken incrementally, one piece at a time, we can move in the right direction.  Our challenge is to first place ourselves on a scale.  Where are we in our attitude of love for others; where are we in our actions that glorify the Father?  Once we recognize where we are, we pray that God will help us become a little better ̶  today.  Each day we weigh ourselves on that scale and each day we try for just the tiniest improvement in our quest to become more like the saints who were much like us and ultimately more like Christ our ideal. 
 
Today we are challenged to follow Jesus, to place his glory and that of the Father first in our lives.  To do that we know that our attitude must become more like our Savior’s, whose every action has pointed to his Father and the heavenly kingdom to which we are all called.  Today we hope for baby steps in the right direction.
 
Pax


[1] The picture used today is “Saint Thérèse of Lisieux” artist and date are unknown.
[2] S.S Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] H. G. M. Williamson, Ezra, Nehemiah, vol. 16, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1985), 184.
[5] Jerome Biblical Commentary 9Prentice Hall, Inc., © 19680, 44:97.

Monday, September 29, 2025

Memorial of Saint Jerome, Priest and Doctor of the Church

“St Jerome”
by Federico Fiori Barocci,
  c. 1598
 
Readings for Tuesday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1: Zechariah 8:20-23
 
Thus says the Lord of hosts:
There shall yet come peoples,
the inhabitants of many cities;
and the inhabitants of one city shall approach those of another,
and say, “Come! let us go to implore the favor of the Lord”;
and, “I too will go to seek the Lord.”
Many peoples and strong nations shall come
to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem
and to implore the favor of the Lord.
Thus says the Lord of hosts:
In those days ten men of every nationality,
speaking different tongues, shall take hold,
yes, take hold of every Jew by the edge of his garment and say,
 
“Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.”
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Commentary on Zec 8:20-23
 
The prophet Zechariah continues to exhort the Jews of the Diaspora to return to Israel and be faithful to their Lord and God. He predicts that others of every nation shall see the devotion and the salvation God has shown to his people and wish to worship him as well. We, as Christians, see this plan fulfilled in Christ, whose invitation has spread through his apostles throughout the world.
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 87:1b-3, 4-5, 6-7
 
R. (Zec 8:23) God is with us.
 
His foundation upon the holy mountains
the Lord loves:
The gates of Zion,
more than any dwelling of Jacob.
Glorious things are said of you,
O city of God!
R. God is with us.
 
I tell of Egypt and Babylon
among those that know the Lord;
Of Philistia, Tyre, Ethiopia:
“This man was born there.”
And of Zion they shall say:
“One and all were born in her;
And he who has established her
is the Most High Lord.”
R. God is with us.
 
They shall note, when the peoples are enrolled:
“This man was born there.”
And all shall sing, in their festive dance:
“My home is within you.”
R. God is with us.
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Commentary on Ps 87:1b-3, 4-5, 6-7
 
This post-exilic song was probably sung by pilgrims from around the known world returning to Jerusalem to celebrate in God’s holy city the joys of his bounty. The psalm proclaims the centrality of Jerusalem (Zion) as the source of holiness. The psalmist sings of how Jerusalem is the mother of faith and that, by implication, all are joined to her in faith. Seen in the light of Christ, this unity can also be applied to the Church which brings all peoples to itself. Again, we see the messianic call carried within the hymn.
 
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Gospel: Luke 9:51-56
 
When the days for Jesus to be taken up were fulfilled,
he resolutely determined to journey to Jerusalem,
and he sent messengers ahead of him.
On the way they entered a Samaritan village
to prepare for his reception there,
but they would not welcome him
because the destination of his journey was Jerusalem.
When the disciples James and John saw this they asked,
"Lord, do you want us to call down fire from heaven
to consume them?"
Jesus turned and rebuked them,
and they journeyed to another village.
 
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Commentary on Lk 9:51-56
 
This passage from St. Luke’s Gospel marks the beginning of the Lord’s final journey to Jerusalem. Just as his Galilean ministry began with a rejection by the people of his hometown, this passage sees him rejected by the Samaritans. Jesus disregards the suggestion by his disciples to call down heavenly retribution. In doing so he dissociates himself from the image of Elijah (see what could be thought to be a parallel story in 2 Kings 1:10, 12). The final journey begins as it will end, with rejection.
 
CCC: Lk 9:51 557
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Reflection:
 
Each and every one of us is called to assume the role of Zechariah as we look at the modern Diaspora.  It is ironic that there were no conquering armies to destroy the geographical center of our faith as the Babylonians did in Zechariah’s time.  No, the force which is causing the modern diaspora is much more insidious.  It is the force which, like a disease, attacks the moral and spiritual fiber that binds us together as a people of faith.
 
We need not look far to see the effects of secularism.  It invades our homes through the medias of entertainment and communication with others (these days social media magnifies that effect tremendously).  It invades our schools under the guise of separation of church and state and even attacks our religious freedoms under the auspices of free speech and “social reform.”  In the past few years, this attack has reached epic proportions as the US Government has enacted laws that subvert our religions freedoms (HHS Mandate) and attempted to destroy the only civilly recognized institution that protects parents and their kids, marriage (defeat of DOMA and Obergefell v. Hodges). In virtually every facet of our lives, we are encouraged to turn away from our God and adopt societal norms of morality which drive our daily activity.
 
Those of us who have remained strong in the face of this army of attackers find our numbers dwindling.  We look to our own families and see the impact on our children and our children’s children.   We see how these forces attempt to lure them away, to scatter them, metaphorically, to the winds.
 
When we consider their plight we think of the great prophets, Zechariah among them.  We should feel compelled to reach out, as he did, calling those scattered by societal forces.  We call them back, exhorting them to see the wonders God has given us.  We call them to accept once more the adoption of Christ and to remember the salvation that can be theirs.
 
At the same time, we must also call out to each other.  Again, as Zechariah did, the faithful must see that their example of faith is more powerful than the words of the mightiest prophet.  Our example of faith and lived evidence of the Lord’s saving hand will strike a chord and cause them to look again at a path long rejected.  In exhorting our own people, we also strengthen the bonds of faith fortifying them against the constant onslaught of political and social rhetoric aimed at weakening us further.
 
Today our example is Zechariah who, had he been born later, would have raised the banner of Christ who came to fulfill all he promised and prophesied.  We pray today that our example and words might call out to the modern diaspora and strengthen the cadre of the faithful.
 
Pax

[1] The picture is “St Jerome” by Federico Fiori Barocci,  c. 1598.
[2] S.S. Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.

Sunday, September 28, 2025

Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, Archangels

Additional information about Saints MichaelGabrieland Raphael

The Three Archangels with Tobias”
by Francesco Botticini. c. 1470
 
Readings for the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1:
 
First Option: Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14
 
As I watched:
 
Thrones were set up
and the Ancient One took his throne.
His clothing was bright as snow,
and the hair on his head as white as wool;
his throne was flames of fire,
with wheels of burning fire.
A surging stream of fire
flowed out from where he sat;
Thousands upon thousands were ministering to him,
and myriads upon myriads attended him.
The court was convened and the books were opened.
 
As the visions during the night continued, I saw:
 
One like a Son of man coming,
on the clouds of heaven;
When he reached the Ancient One
and was presented before him,
The one like a Son of man received dominion, glory, and kingship;
all peoples, nations, and languages serve him.
His dominion is an everlasting dominion
that shall not be taken away,
his kingship shall not be destroyed.
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Commentary on Dn 7:9-10, 13-14
 
In this vision from the book of Daniel, we see the symbolic descriptions for God the Father, “the Ancient One,” seated on the throne of judgment (symbolized by fire), with all the faithful before him. Then comes “one like a Son of Man"; this reference is a messianic vision. Jesus took that title upon himself in fulfillment of Scripture (in addition to John 1:51, see also Mark 14:62Luke 22:69 and Matthew 26:64, all of which reference the attendance of heavenly powers).
 
CCC: Dn 7:10 678; Dn 7:13 440; Dn 7:14 664
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OR
Second Option: Revelation 12:7-12ab
 
War broke out in heaven;
Michael and his angels battled against the dragon.
The dragon and its angels fought back,
but they did not prevail
and there was no longer any place for them in heaven.
The huge dragon, the ancient serpent,
who is called the Devil and Satan,
who deceived the whole world,
was thrown down to earth,
and its angels were thrown down with it.
 
Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say:
“Now have salvation and power come,
and the Kingdom of our God
and the authority of his Anointed.
For the accuser of our brothers is cast out,
who accuses them before our God day and night.
They conquered him by the Blood of the Lamb
and by the word of their testimony;
love for life did not deter them from death.
Therefore, rejoice, you heavens,
and you who dwell in them.”
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Commentary on Rev 12:7-12ab
 
This selection from the Book of Revelation is of the same eschatological prophetic genre as that found in Daniel 7:9ff. Here, St. John envisions the battle for heaven, joined by the forces of God led by St. Michael, who is victorious.
 
The vision makes clear that those who were thought to be from God but who opposed the “Anointed One,” Christ, were influenced by Satan, and in the devil’s defeat by the blood of the Lamb, God’s victory is assured and the truth will prevail.
 
CCC: Rv 12 1138; Rv 12:9 391, 2852; Rv 12:11 2853
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 138:1-2ab, 2cde-3, 4-5
 
R. (1) In the sight of the angels I will sing your praises, Lord.
 
I will give thanks to you, O LORD, with all my heart,
for you have heard the words of my mouth;
in the presence of the angels I will sing your praise;
I will worship at your holy temple
and give thanks to your name.
R. In the sight of the angels I will sing your praises, Lord.
 
Because of your kindness and your truth;
for you have made great above all things
your name and your promise.
When I called, you answered me;
you built up strength within me.
R. In the sight of the angels I will sing your praises, Lord.
 
All the kings of the earth shall give thanks to you, O LORD
when they hear the words of your mouth;
And they shall sing of the ways of the LORD
“Great is the glory of the LORD
R. In the sight of the angels I will sing your praises, Lord.
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Commentary on Ps 138:1-2ab, 2cde-3, 4-5
 
This song of praise offers thanksgiving for the visible support of God, here attributed to angelic action. The hymn attributes this saving help to an all-merciful God to whom all glory and honor are due.
 
CCC: Ps 138 304; Ps 138:2 214
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Gospel: John 1:47-51
 
Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and said of him,
“Here is a true child of Israel.
There is no duplicity in him.”
Nathanael said to him, “How do you know me?”
Jesus answered and said to him,
“Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree.”
Nathanael answered him,
“Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel.”
Jesus answered and said to him,
“Do you believe
because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree?
You will see greater things than this.”
And he said to him, “Amen, amen, I say to you,
you will see heaven opened
and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”
-------------------------------------------
Commentary on Jn 1:47-51
 
Word of mouth attracts Philip to discipleship, and he in turn invites Nathanael. The symbolism in this passage is noteworthy, especially when Jesus describes Nathanael as “a true Israelite.
 
There is no duplicity in him: "Jacob was the first to bear the name 'Israel' (Genesis 32:29), but Jacob was a man of duplicity (Genesis 27:35-36). Jesus tells Nathanael 'Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree.'" The fig tree is a symbol of messianic peace (cf. Micah 4:4Zechariah 3:10).[4] 
 
So, in essence, Jesus is saying that Nathanael was resting in messianic peace, inferring from that state that he had faithfully followed Mosaic Law, and had a genuine love of God. Jesus goes further than Nathanael’s faith in the final verse, telling him that he, Jesus, is the Anointed One: “you will see the sky opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man."
 
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Reflection:
 
Today we celebrate the Feast of the Archangels. (In addition, my ordination class and I celebrate our 39th anniversary of ordination.) Just so we are all on the same page, we can listen to the words of Pope St. Gregory the Great who defines what angel means:
 
“You should be aware that the word ‘angel’ denotes a function rather than a nature. Those holy spirits of heaven have indeed always been spirits. They can only be called angels when they deliver some message. Moreover, those who deliver messages of lesser importance are called angels; and those who proclaim messages of supreme importance are called archangels.” (From a homily by Pope Saint Gregory the Great)
 
The three archangels, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael are the only ones named in Scripture and each has a distinct role (as can be seen from the links provided above). The fact that these three spirits have had a direct involvement with mankind is the reason we celebrate their feast today. We see in their intervention God’s fingers affecting the course of human events. Deep within each of us, there is also the wish that, at some point in our lives, an angel would speak to us, directly, personally, with clarity. The angel would tell us what God wants from us, or what he wants us to do.
 
It is interesting today that, on this the feast of the archangels, the church gives us the story of Jesus’ encounter with Nathanael, rather than one of the encounters with the archangels. In this Gospel Jesus has identified the young man as someone without duplicity, that is, innocent of worldly demeanor that would portray him as something he was not. The way Nathanael speaks when he says, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel,” makes us wonder how one, not of the twelve, had such an instant and deep understanding of Jesus’ identity. Could it be that this was a messenger from God? None of the commentaries assume this is the case.
 
Still we wonder if this innocent young man, without prompting, identified Jesus, and if he was an angel in human form. If that were true, it would mean that God may send his spirits, as Pope St. Gregory the Great has called them, to us, and we might not recognize them as anything but people. “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by this some have entertained angels without knowing it.” Hebrews 13:2.
 
There is nothing theological in this reflection. It is just a hope that God might one day send an angel to us, so that we might understand at last and clearly what he wants from us. Since we have speculated above that God may indeed send his angels to us in human guise, we must be constantly vigilant that one of our daily encounters may turn out to answer our prayer.  It should also serve another purpose since God frequently gives us opportunities to hear his voice through others we meet in our daily lives.
 
Certainly, the more common intervention of the Holy Spirit can be seen, although usually in retrospect and not always clearly. The overriding principle here is we must always be open to that kind of guidance, and be constantly vigilant, knowing that God intervenes in our lives and we must watch for it.
 
Pax
 
In Other Years: Monday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time

[1] The picture is “The Three Archangels with Tobias” by Francesco Botticini. c. 1470.
[2] S.S Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] NAB Footnote on John 1:43-51.