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“Carrying the Cross” (detail)
by Matthias Grünewald,1523-24 |
Readings for the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross [1]
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
Readings and Commentary: [3]
Reading 1: Numbers 21:4b-9
From Mount Hor the children of Israel set out on the Red Sea road,
to bypass the land of Edom.
But with their patience worn out by the journey,
the people complained against God and Moses,
“Why have you brought us up from Egypt to die in this desert,
where there is no food or water?
We are disgusted with this wretched food!”
In punishment the LORD sent among the people saraph serpents,
which bit the people so that many of them died.
Then the people came to Moses and said,
“We have sinned in complaining against the LORD and you.
Pray the LORD to take the serpents away from us.”
So Moses prayed for the people, and the LORD said to Moses,
“Make a saraph and mount it on a pole,
and whoever looks at it after being bitten will live.”
Moses accordingly made a bronze serpent and mounted it on a pole,
and whenever anyone who had been bitten by a serpent
looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.
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Commentary on Nm 21:4b-9
The reading from the book of Numbers recounts another intervention by God along the Hebrew sojourn in the desert. God had already provided “manna” which is what the Israelites in this reading now call “wretched food.” They believed that, because they offended God with their bitterness and lack of gratitude, they failed to love God and sinned against him. In punishment, serpents were sent to afflict them.
This event is seen by the Christian community as an analogy to the later crucifixion of Jesus. “If anyone who has been bitten looks at it, he will recover," and "As Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that those who believe in him may not perish, but may have life everlasting" (John 3:14-15).[4]
CCC: Nm 21:4-9 2130
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 78:1bc-2, 34-35, 36-37, 38
R. (see 7b) Do not forget the works of the Lord!
Hearken, my people, to my teaching;
incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth in a parable,
I will utter mysteries from of old.
R. Do not forget the works of the Lord!
While he slew them they sought him
and inquired after God again,
Remembering that God was their rock
and the Most High God, their redeemer.
R. Do not forget the works of the Lord!
But they flattered him with their mouths
and lied to him with their tongues,
Though their hearts were not steadfast toward him,
nor were they faithful to his covenant.
R. Do not forget the works of the Lord!
But he, being merciful, forgave their sin
and destroyed them not;
Often he turned back his anger
and let none of his wrath be roused.
R. Do not forget the works of the Lord!
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Commentary on Ps 78:1bc-2, 34-35, 36-37, 38
Psalm 78 is a historical recital, recounting the encounter of the Israelites with God, their rejection of his gifts, and punishments for those rejections. In this selection, the psalmist recalls the journey of the Hebrews in the wilderness. The rebellion of the people against God is met with punishment, but later merciful forgiveness.
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Reading II: Philippians 2:6-11
Christ Jesus, though he was in the form of God,
did not regard equality with God
something to be grasped.
Rather, he emptied himself,
taking the form of a slave,
coming in human likeness;
and found human in appearance,
he humbled himself,
becoming obedient to the point of death,
even death on a cross.
Because of this, God greatly exalted him
and bestowed on him the name
which is above every name,
that at the name of Jesus
every knee should bend,
of those in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
and every tongue confess that
Jesus Christ is Lord,
to the glory of God the Father.
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Commentary on Phil 2:6-11
This passage from Philippians is known as the Kenotic Hymn, the song of emptying. Christ empties himself of the complete divinity that is his essence and accepts the human condition. As true man he suffers the ultimate humiliation of death (on the cross). The second section of the hymn focuses on God’s resulting actions of exaltation. The Christian sings of God’s great glory in Christ, proclaiming him Lord and Savior. As part of St. Paul’s instructive letters, this is clearly to be used as a liturgical prayer or song. In the context of the Lord’s passion and resurrection, it provides a contrast to the elevated status of Jesus revealed as the Messiah – the Only Begotten Son of God. Christ's attitude is one of humility.
CCC: Phil 2:6-11 2641, 2667; Phil 2:6 449; Phil 2:7 472, 602, 705, 713, 876, 1224; Phil 2:8-9 908; Phil 2:8 411, 612, 623; Phil 2:9-11 449, 2812; Phil 2:9-10 434; Phil 2:10-11 201; Phil 2:10 633, 635
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Gospel: John 3:13-17
Jesus said to Nicodemus:
“No one has gone up to heaven
except the one who has come down from heaven, the Son of Man.
And just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert,
so must the Son of Man be lifted up,
so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.”
For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son,
so that everyone who believes in him might not perish
but might have eternal life.
For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world,
but that the world might be saved through him.
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Commentary on Jn 3:13-17
In this passage from the Gospel of St. John, Jesus is in dialogue with Nicodemus. Jesus makes his formal declaration of his own divinity, as he describes the relationship between the Father and the Son of Man, and their authority over the gates of heaven. He uses the image of Moses lifting up the bronze serpent in Numbers 21:8, also captured in Wisdom 16:5-6ff, to provide a graphic image of the salvation to be brought about by his own ascent to the cross. The language used “lifted up,” has a double emphasis, as both the image of Jesus being lifted up in crucifixion, and being raised up by the Father in the glory of the resurrection.
It is clear that St. John, the author, then speaks in the profession of faith. We are told the only reason we will ever be given for our redemption is that “God so loved the world.” Even though sin has come into the world, God did not send his Son to condemn the world, but to save it.
CCC: Jn 3:13 423, 440, 661; Jn 3:15 1033; Jn 3:16 219, 444, 454, 458, 706; Jn 3:17 2447
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Reflection:
The Holy Cross of Christ is the universal symbol that identifies us as Christians. In recent unrest in the Middle East, ISIS, a radical Islamic group even posted a banner saying: “Those who worship the Cross must know they may not insult Mohammad.” It is interesting that they should choose those words, “worship the Cross.” It just shows how powerfully the instrument of our Lord’s execution has been impressed upon the world as a symbol of our identity.
Obviously, they do not understand our devotion to the Cross or our faith. We certainly do not “worship the Cross,” any more than the Islamists worship the crescent moon. But we make that sign on our bodies when we pray, and we are constantly reminded of our Lord and Savior, who, through this instrument, suffered, died, and in dying brought us all salvation.
The Cross is first a sign that reminds us of redemptive suffering. Although not authoritative, Wikipedia defines redemptive suffering as our belief “that human suffering, when accepted and offered up in union with the Passion of Jesus, can remit the just punishment for one's sins or for the sins of another, or for the other physical or spiritual needs of oneself or another. Like an indulgence, redemptive suffering does not gain the individual forgiveness for their sin; forgiveness results from God’s grace, freely given through Christ, which cannot be earned. After one's sins are forgiven, the individual's suffering can reduce the penalty due for sin.” The Cross exemplifies our belief in this means of grace most perfectly.
In the feast we celebrate today, we remember the recovery of relics of the True Cross by the Church. Historically, this feast was celebrated in Rome before the end of the 7th century to commemorate the recovery of that portion of the Holy Cross, which was preserved at Jerusalem, and which had fallen into the hands of the Persians. Emperor Heraclius recovered this precious relic and brought it back to Jerusalem, 3 May 629.
More important than the relics, however, is what the Cross of Christ means to each one of us. It recalls the great kenosis, how Jesus emptied himself, and poured out his life for us in a humiliating scene of public derision. It recalls how, even knowing his fate, as we hear in John’s Gospel, the Lord accepted God’s plan, and became the healing sacrifice that saved all of God’s adopted sons and daughters. It recalls that each day, in the Eucharistic Sacrifice at Holy Mass, his promise of salvation is reiterated and demonstrated, as he offers his Body and Blood for our sins.
No, we do not worship the Cross. But we proudly embrace it, wearing it with both pride and humility, since upon it hung the one whose “name is above every name and at whose name every knee must bend in the heavens, on the earth, and under the earth and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the Glory of God the Father.”
Pax
In Other Years: Thursday of the Twenty-third Week in Ordinary Time
[1] The picture is, “Carrying the Cross” (detail) by Matthias Grünewald,1523-24.
[2] S.S Commemoratio[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] NAB Footnote on Numbers 21: 4ff.
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