Memorial of Saint Francis of Assisi

Proper readings for the Memorial of St. Francis of Assisi
 
Biographical Information about St. Francis Assisi 

“St Francis of Assisi”
by Jusepe de Ribera, 1643

 
Readings for Saturday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1: Baruch 4:5-12, 27-29
 
Fear not, my people!
Remember, Israel,
You were sold to the nations
not for your destruction;
It was because you angered God
that you were handed over to your foes.
For you provoked your Maker
with sacrifices to demons, to no-gods;
You forsook the Eternal God who nourished you,
and you grieved Jerusalem who fostered you.
She indeed saw coming upon you
the anger of God; and she said:
 
“Hear, you neighbors of Zion!
God has brought great mourning upon me,
For I have seen the captivity
that the Eternal God has brought
upon my sons and daughters.
With joy I fostered them;
but with mourning and lament I let them go.
Let no one gloat over me, a widow,
bereft of many:
For the sins of my children I am left desolate,
because they turned from the law of God.
 
Fear not, my children; call out to God!
He who brought this upon you will remember you.
As your hearts have been disposed to stray from God,
turn now ten times the more to seek him;
For he who has brought disaster upon you
will, in saving you, bring you back enduring joy.”
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Commentary on Bar 4:5-12, 27-29
 
This passage marks a change in the Book of Baruch from the lessons taught to the people through their exile to a representation of Jerusalem. In his first prophetic discourse, the holy city is given voice as it laments the sin of the people who have turned away from God and will be carried away as a punishment. She (Jerusalem) cries to the returnees to come back to the Lord who is their salvation. God's mercy is expressed through the prophet, reminiscent of last part of the book of Isaiah (cf. Isaiah 60:1-4; 63:7-9; 66:10-11) and some of Jeremiah's oracles (cf. Jeremiah 30:18-22). The passage is both a song of consolation and an exhortation to turn to the Lord. [4]
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 69:33-35, 36-37
 
R. (34) The Lord listens to the poor.
 
“See, you lowly ones, and be glad;
you who seek God, may your hearts revive!
For the LORD hears the poor,
and his own who are in bonds he spurns not.
Let the heavens and the earth praise him,
the seas and whatever moves in them!”
R. The Lord listens to the poor
 
For God will save Zion
and rebuild the cities of Judah.
They shall dwell in the land and own it,
and the descendants of his servants shall inherit it,
and those who love his name shall inhabit it.
R. The Lord listens to the poor.
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Commentary on Ps 69:33-35, 36-37
 
As if responding to the cry of Zion (Jerusalem) lamenting the sins of her people, the singer of this passage from Psalm 69 pleads for salvation and hope, that the Lord will provide help for those faithful to him.
 
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Gospel: Luke 10:17-24
 
The seventy-two disciples returned rejoicing and said to Jesus,
“Lord, even the demons are subject to us because of your name.”
Jesus said, “I have observed Satan fall like lightning from the sky.  
Behold, I have given you the power
‘to tread upon serpents’ and scorpions
and upon the full force of the enemy
and nothing will harm you.
Nevertheless, do not rejoice because the spirits are subject to you,
but rejoice because your names are written in heaven.”
 
At that very moment he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and said,
“I give you praise, Father, Lord of heaven and earth,
for although you have hidden these things
from the wise and the learned
you have revealed them to the childlike.
Yes, Father, such has been your gracious will.
All things have been handed over to me by my Father.
No one knows who the Son is except the Father,
and who the Father is except the Son
and anyone to whom the Son wishes to reveal him.”
 
Turning to the disciples in private he said,
“Blessed are the eyes that see what you see.
For I say to you,
many prophets and kings desired to see what you see,
but did not see it,
and to hear what you hear, but did not hear it.”
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Commentary on Lk 10:17-24
 
The return of the seventy (two) gives rise to the prayer of Jesus (expanding Mark 6:30), who turns the victory of the disciples into a means to glorify the Father. The Lord gives thanks that God has seen fit to reveal his identity, and pass on his power to these disciples of his. Jesus tells them of the positive effect of their mission saying: “I have observed Satan fall like lightning from the sky.” This is reminiscent of Isaiah 14:12; the evil one is defeated.
 
The thought is concluded: “do not rejoice because the spirits are subject to you, but rejoice because your names are written in heaven.” This warning is a caution against becoming fixed on external signs, but exhorts the Christian to look to the positive effect on the spirit (cf. 1 Corinthians 12).  The Gospel follows this with Jesus’ hymn of praise, also found in Matthew 11:25-27, and concludes the passage by telling the disciples that they are given a privilege beyond prophets and kings (see also Matthew 13:16-17). They are seeing God’s plan fulfilled in Jesus.
 
CCC: Lk 10:17-20 787; Lk 10:21-23 2603; Lk 10:21 1083
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Reflection:
 
The Gospel tells us the hard part of God’s plan is already done!  The Lord has come, fulfilling all that was written in the Law and the Prophets.  He has defeated the evil one: “I have observed Satan fall like lightning from the sky.” (Note – that’s past tense) Death and sin have been conquered and the gates of heaven flung open.  Through the apostles, led by St. Peter, the authority of the Lord is passed to us.  All we are asked to do is wield that authority in Jesus’ name.
 
Ok, so it’s not that simple.  Even though the authority was given, not all of us have accepted the fact that we can cast the defeated enemy down.  We are not confident that our spiritual strength is sufficient to overcome the effects of Satan (even though beaten) in the world.  But all is not lost; we can rise to the challenge. It is within our grasp to do so.
 
We submit that it is like a child who is learning to ride a bike.  As long as the child is sure the parent is there beside them holding them steady, they are fine.  But as soon as they look back and see that mom or dad’s hand is no longer on the bike holding them up, they fall.  We need to be confident, confident that even though invisible, the hand of the Holy Spirit is there holding us up.  We need to recall that the Lord has assigned heavenly messengers to keep us safe, giving us God’s own armor against evil. Our continued conversation with God in prayer helps us in this regard, constantly reminding us of his presence.
 
Today we pray for confidence.  We ask God to give us strength to do his will and the wisdom of the disciples, who saw and heard what the ancients did not, and recognize Jesus as Lord.
 
Pax

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[1] The picture used is “St Francis of Assisi” by Jusepe de Ribera, 1643.
[2] S.S. Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] The Navarre Bible: “Major Prophets” (Scepter Publishers, Princeton, NJ, © 2002), 574.

Friday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time

“The Disciples are Sent, Two by Two”
by James Tissont, 1886-96

 
Readings for Friday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
 
Reading 1: Baruch 1:15-22
 
During the Babylonian captivity, the exiles prayed:
“Justice is with the Lord, our God;
and we today are flushed with shame,
we men of Judah and citizens of Jerusalem,
that we, with our kings and rulers
and priests and prophets, and with our ancestors,
have sinned in the Lord’s sight and disobeyed him.
We have neither heeded the voice of the Lord, our God,
nor followed the precepts which the Lord set before us.
From the time the Lord led our ancestors out of the land of Egypt
until the present day,
we have been disobedient to the Lord, our God,
and only too ready to disregard his voice.
And the evils and the curse that the Lord enjoined upon Moses, his servant,
at the time he led our ancestors forth from the land of Egypt
to give us the land flowing with milk and honey,
cling to us even today.
For we did not heed the voice of the Lord, our God,
in all the words of the prophets whom he sent us,
but each one of us went off
after the devices of his own wicked heart,
served other gods,
and did evil in the sight of the Lord, our God.”
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Commentary on Bar 1:15-22
 
The author of the Book of Baruch is thought to be a secretary of the prophet Jeremiah. As such, the book was written after the Babylonian exile. So, what we hear today, rather than being a prayer written during that exile, is actually a reflective prayer (of penitence and atonement) used leading up to the feast of Booths according to scholars. (Note, the first line in today’s reading is not scriptural but rather inserted in the Missal as a “sense line” – a summary of the introduction.)
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 79:1b-2, 3-5, 8, 9
 
R. (9) For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
O God, the nations have come into your inheritance;
they have defiled your holy temple,
they have laid Jerusalem in ruins.
They have given the corpses of your servants
as food to the birds of heaven,
the flesh of your faithful ones to the beasts of the earth.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
They have poured out their blood like water
round about Jerusalem,
and there is no one to bury them.
We have become the reproach of our neighbors,
the scorn and derision of those around us.
O LORD, how long? Will you be angry forever?
Will your jealousy burn like fire?
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
Remember not against us the iniquities of the past;
may your compassion quickly come to us,
for we are brought very low.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
 
Help us, O God our savior,
because of the glory of your name;
Deliver us and pardon our sins
for your name’s sake.
R. For the glory of your name, O Lord, deliver us.
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Commentary on Ps 79:1b-2, 3-5, 8, 9
 
Psalm 79 provides a penitential note similar to what is found in Baruch 1:15. It is a communal lament in which the assembly reflects upon the punishment endured because they have sinned against God and disregarded his law. This lament is thought to reflect upon the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonian army in 587 BC. The singer asks God how long his anger at them will last and pleads for pardon and deliverance. There is a plea for mercy and a promise of atonement following this admission.
 
CCC: Ps 79:9  431
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Gospel: Luke 10:13-16
 
Jesus said to them,
“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida!
For if the mighty deeds done in your midst
had been done in Tyre and Sidon,
they would long ago have repented,
sitting in sackcloth and ashes.
But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon
at the judgment than for you.
And as for you, Capernaum, ‘Will you be exalted to heaven?
You will go down to the netherworld.’
Whoever listens to you listens to me.
Whoever rejects you rejects me.
And whoever rejects me rejects the one who sent me.”
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Commentary on Lk 10:13-16
 
This selection is a continuation of the instructions being given to the seventy (two) who are being sent out. The Lord instructs them to issue a call to repentance to those who reject the proclamation of the kingdom of God. The punishment of these unbelieving communities will be severe, as their rejection of the call to holiness is a rejection of Christ himself: “And whoever rejects me [Jesus] rejects the one who sent me."
 
“[Verses] 13–15 have a slightly awkward fit in the mission charge, but these verses are here because their presence underlines the equivalence between response to Jesus’ own ministry and response to that of his messengers. We have here a prophetic lamentation like those spoken in the OT in connection with pagan nations. There are in fact some against Tyre and Sidon (e.g., Isa 23; Ezek 28:2–19). These function in much the same way that the OT judgment on Sodom functioned in v 12. But here it is suggested that Tyre and Sidon would have repented given the same advantages. Again the exceptional nature of what has now happened is stressed (as in vv 23–24 to come).” [4]
 
CCC: Lk 10:16 87,858
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Reflection:
 
The common thread through all of the selections from Holy Scripture given today is one of repentance.  Baruch offers a prayer of repentance from the Jews in exile.  Having been enslaved and exiled, they believed, was a result of their disobedience to God’s law and their sin in his eyes.  That same “cause and effect,” or “sin and punishment” view of God is shown in the song from Psalm 79: “O Lord, how long? Will you be angry forever?”
 
The Gospel, which is actually a continuation of the Lord’s instructions to the seventy (two), captures that angry judgment by God when his children go astray.  In this case, however, the judgment is earned, not because the people of the communities identified did not follow God’s law, but rather because they rejected God in the person of his Son, and the salvific mission upon which he was sent.  Summarized, the selection of the Gospel we heard today says: “God sent you salvation and you turned your back. Now you must suffer the consequences.”
 
Note the subtle difference in understanding how God works.  The Jews before the coming of Jesus believed that the ill fortune that befell them was a direct punishment from God.  They believed that God actually caused bad things to happen because they had sinned.  The Lord, our Savior, changes that concept.  He shows us that it is not God the loving Father who causes bad things to happen, rather it is the choices we make that lead us down dark paths.
 
God, who sent his only Son into the world that we might have eternal life, is not likely to visit the punishments of the world on the children he loved so much.  But in creating us in his own image, he gave us free will, the ability to choose the bad and the good.  When we turn our backs on the saving hand of God, we must accept what is “behind door number two.”
 
Today our prayer is that we will make the right choices and accept the loving help he provides.  We also pray for our brothers and sisters. Since we all live together, their choices affect us.  We are called to love one another and whoever is injured because they make a wrong choice, injures us as well.
 
Pax

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[1] The picture is “The Disciples are Sent, Two by Two” by James Tissont, 1886-96.
[2] S.S Commemoratio
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[4] John Nolland, Luke 9:21–18:34, vol. 35B, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1993), 560.

Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels

Proper readings for the Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels]
 
Additional information about the Memorial of the Guardian Angels 

“Guardian Angel”
attributed to Hans Zatzka (1859–1945)

 
Readings for Thursday of the Twenty-sixth Week in Ordinary Time [1]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [2]
 
Readings and Commentary: [3]
Note: for this memorial the Gospel of the Proper is used.
 
Reading 1: Nehemiah 8:1-4a, 5-6, 7b-12
 
The whole people gathered as one in the open space before the Water Gate,
and they called upon Ezra the scribe
to bring forth the book of the law of Moses
which the LORD prescribed for Israel.
On the first day of the seventh month, therefore,
Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly,
which consisted of men, women,
and those children old enough to understand.
Standing at one end of the open place that was before the Water Gate,
he read out of the book from daybreak until midday,
in the presence of the men, the women,
and those children old enough to understand;
and all the people listened attentively to the book of the law.
Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden platform
that had been made for the occasion.
He opened the scroll
so that all the people might see it
(for he was standing higher up than any of the people);
and, as he opened it, all the people rose.
Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God,
and all the people, their hands raised high, answered,
“Amen, amen!”
Then they bowed down and prostrated themselves before the LORD,
their faces to the ground.
As the people remained in their places,
Ezra read plainly from the book of the law of God,
interpreting it so that all could understand what was read.
Then Nehemiah, that is, His Excellency, and Ezra the priest-scribe
and the Levites who were instructing the people
said to all the people:
“Today is holy to the LORD your God.
Do not be sad, and do not weep”–
for all the people were weeping as they heard the words of the law.
He said further:  “Go, eat rich foods and drink sweet drinks,
and allot portions to those who had nothing prepared;
for today is holy to our LORD.
Do not be saddened this day,
for rejoicing in the LORD must be your strength!”
And the Levites quieted all the people, saying,
“Hush, for today is holy, and you must not be saddened.”
Then all the people went to eat and drink,
to distribute portions, and to celebrate with great joy,
for they understood the words that had been expounded to them.
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Commentary on Neh 8:1-4a, 5-6, 7b-12
 
We see in this reading the respective roles played by Ezra and Nehemiah in reestablishing Israel following the Diaspora, portrayed here by the chronicler.  Ezra leads the people in reestablishing the Jewish faith, while Nehemiah supports that action as the civil leader of the population.  It is interesting to note the response of the people to the reading of the Law of Moses.  The law clearly exposed the people’s failures in responding to the will of God, hence the weeping.  Nehemiah changes that mood by proclaiming a feast or holy day, rejoicing in the return of the Word of God to Jerusalem.
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 19:8, 9, 10, 11
 
R. (9ab) The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The law of the LORD is perfect,
refreshing the soul;
The decree of the LORD is trustworthy,
giving wisdom to the simple.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The precepts of the LORD are right,
rejoicing the heart;
The command of the LORD is clear,
enlightening the eye;
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
The fear of the LORD is pure,
enduring forever;
The ordinances of the LORD are true,
all of them just.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
 
They are more precious than gold,
 than a heap of purest gold;
Sweeter also than syrup
or honey from the comb.
R. The precepts of the Lord give joy to the heart.
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Commentary on Ps 19:8, 9, 10, 11
 
Psalm 19 is a hymn of praise. In this passage, we give praise for God’s gift of the law which guides us in our daily lives. The hymn also extols the virtues of obedience and steadfastness to the law and its precepts. The passage also reflects the idea that following God’s statutes leads to peace and prosperity. When placed after the Old Testament reading, the passage sounds ironic against the initial response of the people to the Law of Moses in the Nehemiah reading above.  The psalmist does, however, capture his (Nehemiah’s) intent in proclaiming a holy day and the celebration that ensued.
 
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Gospel: Matthew 18:1-5, 10
 
The disciples approached Jesus and said,
"Who is the greatest in the Kingdom of heaven?"
He called a child over, placed it in their midst, and said,
"Amen, I say to you, unless you turn and become like children,
you will not enter the Kingdom of heaven.
Whoever humbles himself like this child
is the greatest in the Kingdom of heaven.
And whoever receives one child such as this in my name receives me.
 
"See that you do not despise one of these little ones,
for I say to you that their angels in heaven
always look upon the face of my heavenly Father."
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Commentary on Mt 18:1-5, 10
 
This Gospel passage is used on the Feast of the Guardian Angels each year. The event is also recorded in St. Luke’s Gospel at Luke 9:46-50. The major difference is that here in St. Matthew’s Gospel, the Lord speaks directly of the guardian angels who protect and watch over the children in the presence of the Heavenly Father, as opposed to going on to another saying of Jesus. The emphasis in this passage changes from a treatise on humility to one which emphasizes God’s care for those who are most helpless, his children.
 
CCC: Mt 18:3-4 526; Mt 18:3 2785; Mt 18:10 329, 336 
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Reflection:
 
Taking the flow of celebrations in the Church over the days leading up to this date, it almost seems as if we have been building up to the memorial of Guardian Angels. We have celebrated the Feast of the Archangels, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, and just yesterday the Memorial of Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus. From divine messengers and saints who invite us to be as children in accepting their divine aid, the guardian angels present themselves in this memorial, an angelic presence, reminding us that God cares for us all and is with us constantly.
 
It is an opportunity for us all to reflect upon this question: If Jesus tells us the guardian angels exist and are real (“I say to you that their angels in heaven always look upon the face of my heavenly Father"), do we accept and believe that aid is at hand, or do we continue to fear, thinking we are alone, fighting against the world with only our own strength to protect us? After all, we do not see the angelic messengers. We do not observe them actively participating in our lives. Unlike their depiction in the movies, objects and people do not fly around, guided by the hosts of heaven.
 
Ultimately, we are given God’s assurance that his messengers are here with us, that at once they face outward watching over us and inward, worshiping God and His Son in the Heavenly Kingdom. We are called once more today to have the faith of a child as we go about our day’s activities. We should also not forget all those times we have been rescued by our guardian angels.  May we accept God’s angelic aid and feel the peace flowing from his Son on this day.
 
Pax
 

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[1] The picture is “Guardian Angel” attributed to Hans Zatzka (1859–1945).
[2] S.S Commemoratio 458/650
[3] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.