Wednesday, July 05, 2017

Thursday of the Thirteenth Week in Ordinary Time

(Optional Memorial for Saint Maria Goretti, Virgin and Martyr)
 

“The Sacrifice of Abraham“ 
by Andrea Del Sarto,1527-28
 
 
 
Commentary:
 
Reading 1: Genesis 22:1b-19
 
Commentary on Gn 22:1b-19
 
Abraham is put to the test to prove his faithfulness to God. He is to offer his son Isaac as a holocaust, an offering completely burnt on the altar. Abraham, though reluctant, is faithful to God and follows his instructions. At the last moment, when God is sure that Abraham has greater love for God than even his beloved son Isaac, he stops Abraham and “blesses him abundantly,” making him the father of nations. (Note: the use of the term “beloved,” “Only one: uniquely precious, especially loved; therefore the same term is rendered in Genesis 22:12, 17 as "beloved." This connotation is used extensively in the New Testament identifying Jesus as God’s “beloved” son, again, only one and uniquely precious (Matthew 3:17Matthew 17:5Mark 9:7Colossians 1:13). In his obedience to the will of God, Abraham is found worthy of the honor God will afford him.
 
This example demonstrates that God expects those faithful to him to place love and obedience to him above all other worldly interests, and loves, in return, those like Abraham, who demonstrate that God is their first priority, will be blessed as only God can bless.
 
CCC: Gn 22:1-18 1819; Gn 22:8 2572; Gn 22:11 332; Gn 22:17-19 706
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Responsorial Psalm: Ps 115:1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 8-9
 
R. (9) I will walk in the presence of the Lord, in the land of the living.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
 
Psalm 115 is a hymn of praise to our God who is above all things, and creator of all that exists. The strophes exhort the people to be faithful to God, unlike the pagans. False idols are lifeless and dead. Those who create and worship them will be dead as well. The faithful have life because of their trust in the Lord.
 
CCC: Ps 115:3 268, 303; Ps 115:4-5 2112; Ps 115:8 2112
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Gospel: Matthew 9:1-8
 
Commentary on Mt 9:1-8
 
Jesus continues his saving works in the healing of the paralytic. The leaders of the synagogue hear Jesus forgive the man’s sins, which in their thinking caused the man’s affliction (cf. John 9:1-3), and could only be taken away by God (cf. Luke 5:21). To demonstrate that he was from God, and acting for God, Jesus took away, not only the man’s sins, but what the scribes believed were the consequences of those sins, his paralysis. The crowds, if not the scribes, immediately understood and gave thanks to God for his mercy.
 
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Reflection:
 
Think of what Christ did for the paralytic.  The man was crippled and had to be carried on a stretcher and Jesus, out of his will, freed the man from his prison and gave him his life.  Once again, we see this act of healing as a metaphor for Jesus’ gift to each of us; the gift of forgiveness.
 
In his argument with the scribes who were saying that only God could forgive sins, outwardly manifested in the paralysis, Jesus demonstrated what he would do for us.  The scribes presumed in their ignorance that paralysis was caused by God because of some hidden sin committed by either the paralytic himself or by his parents (the punishment transferred to their child). Jesus demonstrated his authority over sin and death, the physical and metaphysical, in his healing act.
 
Christ came for us in the same way.  God understands the debilitating effect of sin in our lives. (Just so we share a common point of reference, we will define sin as conscious failure to love.)
 
When we fail to love ourselves, we do things that will harm us physically or psychologically.  We act out of hedonism seeking pleasure for the senses by crippling the mind and creating a sense of self-loathing.  We offer those sins to Jesus who tells us we are precious and beloved.  He forgives us and begs us to love ourselves because of the life he gave us.
 
When we fail to love others and are hurtful, cruel, or forget the dignity with which our brothers and sisters should be treated, we harm ourselves as well.  That hurt and hate eat us like a cancer and cripple us spiritually.  Knowingly hurting another stains us and makes us unclean in our own eyes.  Jesus asks to carry those sins as well.  He reminds us that all people are like Isaac was to Abraham, beloved and cherished.  In accepting our sin and guilt, he frees us to love once more.
 
In choosing not to love ourselves or others, we ultimately sin against God our Father and his Son, Jesus.  In the Sacrament of Reconciliation, this stain is removed and we are once more placed in God’s grace and mercy.  Christ heals us and bids us; "Rise, pick up your stretcher, and go home."
 
Pax

[2] The Picture is “The Sacrifice of Abraham“ by Andrea Del Sarto,1527-28
 

Tuesday, July 04, 2017

Wednesday of the Thirteenth Week in Ordinary Time

 
(Optional Memorial for Saint Elizabeth of Portugal) – in the United States transferred from July 4
(Optional Memorial for Saint Anthony Zaccaria, Priest)
 
 

“Expulsion of Hagar” by Willem van Mieris, 1724
 
 
 
Commentary:
 
Reading 1: Genesis 21:5, 8-20a
 
Commentary on Gn 21:5, 8-20a
 
The saga of Abraham (Abram) continues in this passage as he strives to follow God’s will. The birth of Isaac is announced and immediately tension arises. His wife Sarah (Sarai) has demanded that Hagar and Ishmael (firstborn of Abraham) be cast out of their family group. This is truly the beginning of the split in Abraham’s descendants, as the Jewish people would begin through his son Isaac, and the followers of Islam develop through his son Ishmael. The same God (whose Only Son is the Messiah) that favored the early Jewish people also shows his love for Hagar and Ishmael and their descendants.
 
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 34:7-8, 10-11, 12-13
 
R. (7a) The Lord hears the cry of the poor.
 
Commentary on Ps 34:7-8, 10-11, 12-13
 
Psalm 34 is a hymn of thanksgiving.  In this selection, the singer rejoices in God’s love and compassion, especially for those in need (“the poor”).  God saves those who love him and shares in their delight during good times.
 
CCC: Ps 34:8 336
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Gospel: Matthew 8:28-34
 
Commentary on Mt 8:28-34
 
Jesus comes to a region about five miles southeast of the Sea of Galilee and encounters the two demoniacs (people taken over by demons). He drives the demons out into a herd of swine. The symbolism here for the Jewish audience would be powerful, as swine were unclean animals. By casting themselves into the sea, even they preferred death to the presence of evil. The gentile population, probably very superstitious, was afraid of Christ’s power over evil and did not want any more damage as a result of his presence.
 
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Reflection:
 
What is the difference between physical love (eros) and love (agape), the highest and purest form of love? The story of Sarah and Hagar from Genesis answers this question.  It is also a tremendous lesson in moral theology.  In her rush to give Abraham the heir he needed for his prosperity to be handed down, Sarah brought Hagar, her servant, to Abraham to be a surrogate.  In this action, we see Abraham performing the physical act of love (eros) with Hagar.  Through this action, Hagar’s dignity as a person was not considered.  She was seen by Sarah, and indeed by Abraham, as merely the vessel for an heir.
 
Having been thus demeaned, and having produced the desired son for Abraham in Ishmael, we see the natural enmity arise between Sarah and Hagar.  Hagar for her part loved Ishmael.  Ignoring the circumstances of his conception, she saw Abraham’s fortune passing to Ishmael, as his son and heir.  Then the unthinkable happened, Sarah became pregnant in her advanced years, and bore a son, Isaac.  This event essentially took away any rights that Ishmael could claim on Abraham’s posterity.  We can understand the feelings (jealousy, hate, resentment) between the two women, as complex as they were.
 
We see something else in this story as well.  As favored as Abraham is in the eyes of God, the Lord loves (agape) Ishmael and Hagar without prejudice.  The promise of salvation is given them as well as Abraham, Isaac, and Sarah.  In God’s eyes, they are all precious to Him.
 
Within the context of human relationships, we can see a clear example of what happens when the wrong thing is done for what is considered to be a noble purpose.  In this case, Sarah loved (agape) her husband and felt she had somehow displeased God.  Since Abraham was clearly beloved by God and had been promised a multitude of descendants, and since she was barren of children, it must be that God disapproved of her.  With this thought she presented her servant to her husband to be the means of God’s promised continuation of life.  She did so without thinking that this action would constitute any infidelity on the part of Abraham.  She also did not consider that this action would violate the dignity of her servant.
 
Even if Hagar considered this order from her mistress a reasonable one, the action violated her human dignity.  Even though the resultant life in Ishmael was precious to God, the means of begetting that life were ignoble at best.  The end result is obvious to us now.  God’s promise was fulfilled in Ishmael as well as Isaac.  God’s prediction was also fulfilled, that there would be enmity between Ishmael and his descendants and those of Isaac.
 
We see the pain that can arise from doing the wrong thing for the right reasons in this story, and pray for the wisdom to hear and apply this knowledge in our own actions.  We see also that God loves all his people, and hope that our own hearts will respond to that love in the same way.
 
Pax


[1] The picture is “Expulsion of Hagar” by Willem van Mieris, 1724
 

Monday, July 03, 2017

Tuesday of the Thirteenth Week in Ordinary Time

 
Independence Day [In Dioceses of the United States]
Alternate Texts may be taken from the Masses for Various Needs and Occasions, II. For Civil Needs: 13. For the Nation, nos. 882-886; or 14. For Peace and Justice, nos. 887-891.
 
* (Optional Memorial for Saint Elizabeth of Portugal)
* In the United States, this memorial is perpetually transferred to July 5th.

Sleep of Jesus During the Storm” by Alexandre Bida, c. 1875
 
 
 
Commentary:
 
Reading 1: Genesis 19:15-29
 
Commentary on Gn 19:15-29
 
This passage describes the salvation of Lot along with his wife and daughters from the destruction heaped upon Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot is given the boon of salvation because of his righteous actions in the previous section (Genesis 19 1-14). Lot is instructed to flee and not look back at God’s destructive wrath. Lot’s wife violates this instruction (looking upon that which was forbidden by God) and is turned into a pillar of salt.
 
The language used to describe the destruction “He overthrew those cities and the whole Plain…” (literally, turned upside down) would be consistent with an earthquake followed by fire. The passage concludes indicating that a principal reason for Lot’s salvation was his relationship to Abraham (Genesis 12:5).
 
CCC: Gn 19 332; Gn 19:1-29 2357
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 26:2-3, 9-10, 11-12
 
R. (3a) O Lord, your mercy is before my eyes.
 
Commentary on Ps 26:2-3, 9-10, 11-12
 
Psalm 26 is an individual lament. In these strophes the psalmist seeks the Lord's protection as they approach him (see also Exodus 30:17-21), The singer prays for mercy and purity before God as fidelity and praise of the Lord are pledged.
 
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Gospel: Matthew 8:23-27
 
Commentary on Mt 8:23-27
 
Jesus calming the sea is the first of this set of miracles recorded in St. Matthew’s Gospel. There are notable differences between St. Matthew’s account and that of St. Mark (Mark 4:35-41). First we note that Jesus leads the disciples into the boat, rather than the disciples taking him there. We also see a more reverent attitude on the part of the twelve as they wake him, contrasted with the accusatory tone in St. Mark. (“…do you not care that we are perishing?") This account of the disciples' experience, in both cases, points directly at the identity of Jesus as the Son of God, and serves as a proof for the reader.
 
CCC: Mt 8:20 2444; Mt 8:26 2610
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Reflection:
 
When the story of Jesus sleeping in the boat during the storm was written (and his subsequent command over the elements), it may have been seen as a proof of his identity as the Messiah. We see another meaning in this story.  If we view this story as a metaphor we see Jesus bringing calm to the storm.
 
In the fevered pace of our daily lives we frequently encounter storms, do we not?  They may arise at school, at work, or with family and friends.  The storms may take the form of situations beyond our control or they may be a result of mistakes we have made or events poorly handled.  Whatever their source, we are at constant risk of being thrown to our deaths in sin. 
 
It is difficult to see clearly when we are in the middle of these storms.  Much like a physical storm, our vision is clouded by the turbulence of the storm.  We cannot clearly chart our actions when our sight is so impaired.  If we try to make important decisions while we are tossed by the storms of emotion, if we react to the situation out of desperation, we frequently cause more damage than good and end up worse off than when we started.
 
Where, we may ask, is Jesus, when we are twisting in the wind of these storms?  Is he asleep in the boat?  We certainly hope so because if we are convinced of this, we can wake him up, calling upon the Holy Spirit to bring peace and quiet to the storm.  Even if it continues to rage around us, we feel the interior calm of the Lord that allows us to see clearly, to act correctly.  Our usual problem is we forget he is sleeping there and try to ride the storm out as best we can.
 
Today as we remember the Lord is with us always, we pray that when our life’s storms hurtle themselves in our direction we may remember quickly that Jesus sleeps with us in our souls, and when we become afraid, angry or desperate we will reach out to him saying "Lord, save us!”  In our faith he will rebuke the storm and bring us peace.
 
Pax
 

[2] The picture is “Sleep of Jesus During the Storm” by Alexandre Bida, c. 1875